Thursday, August 29, 2013

Creation Myth


Horace and the Boy
            In the very beginning, there lived a single god. His name was Horace. He controlled the wind, the rain, and the seas. Horace got lonely living in his world without any people to speak to or any animals to keep him company.
            One day, Horace came up with the idea to make animals that he could care for. The next day he created the wolf and the tiger. He thought that both of his creations would love to live with him in his home, but they both wanted to be outside and to run around with animals like themselves. So Horace created land for them to live and run on. Sadly these animals got hungry and Horace had to create deer, moose, elk, caribou, beavers, fish, and all small and large prey animals. Sadly, these animals had nothing to eat so Horace made the plants and trees of the world. The small prey animals were too plentiful and the simple tiger and wolf could not eat them all, so he created the cheetahs, the bears, the mountain lions, and all large carnivorous animals. The fish needed something to eat so he created insects and algae to feed the fish and birds and sea animals. This created balance for all the animals. Finally, Horace thought he was happy with his world.
            After a few years, Horace realized he wanted someone to talk to, but he did not want to change any of his animals that he loved so much. He realized he could create a replica of himself so he could talk to someone and have companionship.
            Horace took one of his ribs and laid it on the ground. He put grasses and herbs around it and went to sleep, dreaming of his companion. He awoke to find a strange creature sleeping where he had laid the rib and grasses. It somewhat resembled him but it had long flowing brown hair that reached to the middle of her back; it had curves that were strange to him, and very delicate features. After Horace had been staring at her for quite some time, she spoke.
            “My name is Sahara, what is this place?” She had a very soft, feminine voice that surprised Horace.
            “My name is Horace and this is my home,” Horace said softly, still in amazement of her strange features.
            Horace and Sahara, together, created other humans so they could have friends. All of the people that they created were living very happily together with Horace and Sahara until a woman had two children and threw off the balance of the people. The second child, a boy, grew extremely rapidly and within one year was fully-grown. Horace was very concerned what would happen to his perfect world now that it seemed that all the balances had been shifted. He watched the child’s growth with fear. He decided that the child needed to be put in the wild to learn how to appreciate its world as all children did.    
            When the child was a year and a half old Horace took him into the woods and introduced him to the tigers and the different forest animals. He told the child that he would spend one month in the woods, learning from the animals and after that Horace would take him back to his family. Horace, still worried about the boy, followed and watched the child closely as he wandered through the woods, ignoring the animals that tried to befriend him and breaking the beautiful plants the Horace had worked so hard to make.
After a week in the woods the boy grew very hungry and started to fashion a sort of spear. When he was done making his spear he started hunting. Hunting had never been done in the perfect world so Horace was very confused as he watched the boy. The child found a young deer eating in a beautiful sacred meadow.
The animals had never had any reason to fear any of mankind so the deer never moved as the boy approached with his spear. Once the boy got close enough he raised his spear and brought it down through the deer’s back. Thankfully, the deer died instantly, not realizing what had been done to her. Horace ran out, shocked at the first death to ever occur in his perfect world. He ran to his deer and held her, trying to will her to come back to him from wherever she may have gone. The boy, infuriated that Horace had put him in the woods, raised his spear again and stabbed Horace in his back.
Immediately after he killed Horace he felt a shift in the air, the ground, in everything around him. All over the world the people felt this strange sense of loss and sadness. It was very strange to the people, as they had never felt those feelings before.
At the end of the month, three weeks after the people felt the strange, foreign feelings the boy returned. He was carrying Horace’s body over his shoulder and had a deer pelt wrapped around him. Sahara and the people had all gathered in Horace’s home to await his and the boys return. They were stunned to see the state Horace was in and everyone except Sahara fell to the ground weeping. Sahara flung herself in rage at the boy, she managed to kill him but he also managed to stab her through her stomach.  She died four hours later after struggling and struggling to live.
            The death of the young deer, Horace, the boy, and Sahara unleashed sadness, jealousy, death, hatred, hunger, and all of the evil feelings and thoughts into the world. The stretch of land that had been Sahara’s favorite place to visit shriveled up and turned into what is now known as the Sahara desert. Horace was reunited with his beloved deer and Sahara and from then on whenever one of his beloved creatures died they went to rejoin their creator forever.

Questions Myths- The World on the Turtles Back

4. The World On the Turtles Back myth compares to another creation story, Adam and Eve, because Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden together. In the Garden there was one tree, the tree of knowledge of good and evil, and they were not to eat any of the fruit it bore. A serpent convinced Eve to try some of the fruit and she convinced Adam to join her. Therefore, she was deceived and seen as 'evil' by Adam for bringing sin and getting them expelled from the Garden of Eden so they must find a new place to live. In both stories it is the women who eat or disturb something sacred therefore leading to creation and exploration.

5. I think the Iroquois honor both twins because together they created everything the people needed. They honor the right handed twin during the day because that is his time ruling over the world and protecting the people. They honor the left handed twin at night because that is when he is in charge of protecting or harming the Iroquois. Elements of human nature that are explained in this creation myth is that there is always good and there is always evil.

6. The Iroquois' attitude toward nature is a a central point in their history and cultures because they depend on it for sustenance. Their attitude towards their gods is very respectable, they honor their gods. They have multiple gods, one good and one bad, neither is fully good or bad.

7. Yes, it gives an explanation of why the human race exists as we are, and it offers an explanation of where we came from. The Sky World is like a heaven, its inhabitants function as gods. It showcases the battle between good and evil and how the world needs balance to function. It also shows how plants and animals came to exist (clay). It also explains why there is day, night, and the moon. This story, like all creation myths, it gives people a reason for their being and something to believe in.

Sentences1


Colloquial- informal-used in ordinary or familiar conversation, not formal or literary
When you are in a job interview you should not use colloquial language.

Dotard- noun-an old person
The dotard next door never leaves his house anymore except to yell at children that stray into his yard.

Furrow- noun-a long narrow trench made in the ground
When farming, farmers use furrows to plant and grow their crops.

Misnomer- verb-a wrong or inaccurate use of a name or term
When the band was boarding their bus to leave they accidentally shouted a misnomer of the city they were exiting.

Vilification- noun-abusively disparaging speech or writing
The reporters vilification of our president sparked much debate throughout the people.


Atrophy- noun-waste away
The man in the hospital never left his bed, so, his muscles slowly atrophied.


Misogynist- noun-a man who hates women
The misogynist yelled profanities at the women gathered at the conference.

Vindicate- verb-clear someone of blame or suspicion
Mother managed to vindicate Lucy and Tommy for letting the dog out.

Vocab1

Colloquial- informal-used in ordinary or familiar conversation, not formal or literary
Dotard- noun-an old person
Furrow- noun-a long narrow trench made in the ground
Misnomer- verb-a wrong or inaccurate use of a name or term
Vilification- noun-abusively disparaging speech or writing
Atrophy- noun-waste away
Misogynist- noun-a man who hates women
Vindicate- verb-clear someone of blame or suspicion
Attenuate- verb- reduce the force, effect, or value of something
Drivel- noun-silly nonsense
Virulent- adjective-extremely severe or harmful in its effects


Tuesday, August 27, 2013

Outline #1


Outline
I.               Historical Context
A.     The Meeting of Two Worlds
1.     Early writings focused on describing their environment and the people around them
2.     Early writers chronicled how Native Americans and Europeans interacted
3.     Native Americans had established their communities already
B.     From Colony to Country
1.     First permanent colony was established at Jamestown in 1607
2.     Colonists practiced self-government
3.     Colonists saw themselves as English subjects
4.     They had no representation in Parliament
5.     They exported raw goods and imported manufactured ones
6.     Britain fought for colonists in French and Indian War
7.     England made alliances with the Iroquois
8.     Colonies declared themselves free and independent in 1776
9.     Fought one of worlds greatest military powers to maintain freedom
10. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson both helped write the Declaration and the Constitution
11. Constitution was approved in 1788
II.             Cultural Influences
A.     Puritan Beliefs
1.     Majority of settlers were Puritans
2.     Puritans wanted to “purify” the Church of England
3.     Also wanted to return to simpler ways of worship
4.     Their beliefs were unwelcome in England
5.     Many came to America
6.     Saw human sin as a daily mission
7.     Believed that the Bible would help them through anything
8.     Believed humans were essentially sinful
9.     Thought select few would be spared by God
10. Hard work, thrift, and responsibility were seen as good and a sign that God was at work
11. Puritan settlements thrived
12. Puritans were inflexible in their religious faith
13. Involved in Salem Witch Trials
III.           Ideas of the Age
A.     The Enlightenment
1.     In the 1700s the Enlightenment took place
2.     Enlightenment thinkers began to question who should hold the power in the government
3.     They thought up a government by the people
4.     American colonies adopted these thoughts
5.     These ideals encouraged action and gave colonists a better idea for revolution
6.     “I know not what course others may take. But as for me, give me liberty or give me death!” Patrick Henry at the second Virginia Convention in 1775
B.     The Great Awakening
1.     Many people worried about losing Puritan values
2.     Jonathan Edwards wanted people to reedicate themselves the original Puritan vision
3.     New wave of religious enthusiasm began to rise called First Great Awakening
4.     This united diverse colonists
5.     People joined in belief that there was a higher power helping set Americans standard of life
6.     Enlightenment and Great Awakening emphasized reason and emotionalism
7.     Both had similar consequences- people questioning traditional authority
8.     This eventually led to colonists becoming America
IV.            Early American Literature
A.     The Native American Experience
1.     When explorers arrived in America more than 300 different Native American cultures existed
2.     They all had strongly differing customs and there were around 200 different languages
3.     One activity was featured prominently in Native Americans cultures-storytelling
4.     Native Americans did not have a written language
5.     Their history, legends, and memories were only in memory
6.     Passed from generation to generation through oral tradition
7.     One type-creation stories- were in every culture
8.     Much of this literature did not survive the attack of European diseases on the Native Americans
9.     90% of Native Americans died
B.     Exploration and the Early Settlers
1.     Native American literature lets us somewhat see the ways and values of the indigenous people
2.     Most information comes from first-person accounts, journals, diaries, letters, logs, and historical narratives
3.     The first were Christopher Columbus’ journals and letters form his voyages
4.     50 years later La Relation by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca appeared
5.     He was one of the four survivors of the 600-man Narvaez expedition
6.     It chronicled his eight years of wandering through Florida, Texas, and Mexico
7.     It told of people, land, and animals he encountered
8.     The French and Dutch also sent explorers
9.     Samuel de Champlain of France wrote vivid accounts of New England and the Iroquois
10.  Early English settlers used letters, reports, and chronicles to describe their new lives
11. A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia by Thomas Harriot captured the natural resources, the ways of life of the Native Americans, and the potential for a successful colony
12. It was published in 1588 accompanied by illustrations that helped many many people understand American life much better
13. Writing began to focus less on description and more on the story of colonial growth
14. Captain John Smith wrote sometimes unrealistic accounts of colonial life and Virginia and New England histories
15.  Captain Smiths accounts brought many more people to Virginia-ensuring that colonies success
16. William Bradford-longtime governor of Plymouth- and John Winthrop Sr.-governor of Massachusetts- reflected on their role in God’s plan for a better society
17. Olaudah Equiano described how he had been captured from his African home and the brutal treatment he received in the West Indies
C.     The Puritan Tradition
1.     Puritan writers wrote to encourage and help people to understand the Bible and to help them through their daily lives
2.     Puritans used more logic, clarity, and order in their writing instead of fancy adornments
3.     The Puritans writing has helped shape our direct, powerful, plain language of America
4.     Cotton Mather and Jonathan Edwards wrote histories of the colonies and fiery sermons on dangers of being a sinner
5.     Cotton Mather chronicled the Salem witch trials and the 20 executions
6.     Mather also wrote about smallpox inoculation
7.     Jonathan Edwards wrote about flying (ballooning) spiders
8.     His account of these spiders is considered the first natural history essay on that subject
9.     He also uses spiders in his work “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
10. Most Puritan sermons had contrasts between good and evil, vivid imagery, powerful language, and strong moral lessons
11. First book issued to North American colonies was the Bay Psalm Book released in 1640
12. Poetry was viewed mainly as another way to connect with God
13. Poetry also provide insight into how women were treated in these societies
14. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America was the first North American woman to be published in 1650
D.    Writers of the Revolution
1.     Many gifted minds wrote about politics
2.     About 2,000 pamphlets were published because they were inexpensive
3.     Pamphlets greatly helped fuel the revolution
4.     Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense propelled colonists to revolution
5.     Paine agreed with Puritan belief that America had a special destiny to be a model to the rest of the world
6.     Thomas Jefferson’s greatest contribution was the Declaration of Independence
7.     Natural law- the idea that people are born with rights and freedoms and the government is supposed to protect those freedoms
8.     11 years after the Declaration came about there was another meeting in Philadelphia that produced the Constitution
9.     The delegates included Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, and George Washington
10. Former slave Phillis Wheatley claimed that African-Americans had natural rights too
11. Abigail Adams thought that women should be allowed to have rights as well as men